Growing demand for high quality iron ores and scrap as well as abandonment of carbon intensive sintering in the future require novel technological approaches for upgrading of low-grade iron ores and recycling of mill scale.

The development of these technologies will be supported by environmental (using life cycle assessment – LCA – methodology and circularity evaluation) and economic indicators (using life cycle costing – LCC – methodology) to identify the most suitable design options and ensure the improvement of sustainability performances compared to the current technologies.

The outcomes of the TransZeroWaste could contribute to the upgrade of 27 million t/a materials and to the avoided greenhouse gas emissions of sinter plants, corresponding to 4,3 to 9,9 Mt CO2/a.